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| Registros recuperados: 193 | |
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| Amanda J. Twomey; Bodapati P. Naidu; Shu Fukai. |
| It has been observed that _Melaleuca cuticularis_ Labill. has the ability to secrete salt solution to the surface of its stem. No literature has been found to illustrate other species' capacity to secrete salts at the stem and with what little literature there is on _M. cuticularis_ under saline conditions ^1, 2^, there was no evidence documented by those authors to have witnessed salt secreting at the stem. Most recorded observations of salt secretion by plants has usually been on leaf salt secretion through specialized glands or bladders often in mangroves, salt bushes and grass species, among others ^3-8^. This observation is the first known record of a plant species capable of secreting salts mostly at the stem. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Earth & Environment; Plant Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2450/version/1 |
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| Michael E. Baker. |
| A key regulator of glucocorticoid action is 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11[beta]-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol, the biologically active glucocorticoid. 11[beta]-HSD1 is a paralog of 11[beta]-HSD3, whose physiological function remains unclear. As reported here, 11[beta]-HSD3 has orthologs in sea urchin, amphioxus and Ciona, while 11[beta]-HSD1 first appears in sharks. Thus, 11[beta]HSD3 arose before the evolution of glucocorticoid signaling, suggesting different ancestral function(s) for 11[beta]-HSD3. Four perplexing findings arise from this evolutionary analysis: 1) 11[beta]-HSD1 is not present in a ray-finned fish genome, 2) zebrafish and fathead minnow contain two isoforms of 11[beta]-HSD3; 3)... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Earth & Environment; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4296/version/1 |
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| Prajakta Belsare; Milind Watve. |
| We examine here, using a simple mathematical model, the conditions under which thrifty genes or fetal programming could evolve. Obesity and related disorders are thought to have their roots in metabolic thirftiness that evolved to combat periodic starvation. The failure to detect any thrifty genes and the association of low birth weight with type 2 diabetes, caused a shift in the concept from thrifty gene to thrifty phenotype and fetal programming. This hypothesis assumes that intra-uterine undernutrition programs the body to be thrifty, predicting and preparing for starvation in later life. However, there are reproductive costs associated with thriftiness. Results of the model suggest that under no condition thrifty and non-thrifty genes would co-exist... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2709/version/1 |
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| Rodrick Wallace. |
| Expanding the modern synthesis requires elevating the role of interaction within and across various biological scales to the status of an evolutionary principle. One way to do this is to characterize genes, gene expression, and embedding environment as information sources linked by crosstalk, constrained by the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory (Wallace, 2010a). This produces an inherently interactive structure that escapes the straightjacket of mathematical population genetics or other replicator dynamics. Here, we examine fitness from that larger perspective, finding it intimately intertwined with niche construction. Two complementary models are explored: niche construction as mediating the connection between environmental signals and gene... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5059/version/1 |
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| Rodrick Wallace. |
| Expanding the modern synthesis requires elevating the role of interaction within and across various biological scales to the status of an evolutionary principle. One way to do this is to characterize genes, gene expression, and embedding environment as information sources linked by crosstalk, constrained by the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory (Wallace, 2010a). This produces an inherently interactive structure that escapes the straightjacket of mathematical population genetics or other replicator dynamics. Here, we examine fitness from that larger perspective, finding it intimately intertwined with niche construction. Two complementary models are explored: niche construction as mediating the connection between environmental signals and gene... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5059/version/2 |
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| John Skoyles. |
| A four year old child devotes half their total energy expenditure (TEE) to their brains. Even by 10 years-of-age it is still 30% (compared to an adult’s ≈12%). This extreme energy use results from a high brain/body size ratio – combined with a doubling of cerebral gray matter energy utilization (due to synaptic exuberance during cognitive neuromaturation). 

With extreme energy expenditure goes extreme vulnerability to hypoglycemia: (1) children become hypoglycemic after 24-36 hours of fast (compared to 60-72 hours in adults), and (2) their brains suffer neurological impairment (shown in disrupted P300 potentials) at a lower decrease in plasma glucose: 3.6 - 4.2 mmol L-1 in children rather... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7097/version/1 |
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| Vladimir L. Katanaev; Silke Buestorf. |
| Receptors of the Frizzled family initiate Wnt ligand-dependent signaling controlling
multiple steps in organism development and highly conserved in evolution.
Misactivation of the Wnt/Frizzled signaling is cancerogenic. Frizzled receptors
launch several signaling cascades: the canonical pathway regulating beta-catenin-dependent transcription; the planar cell polarity pathway polarizing the
cytoskeleton within the epithelial plane; and the calcium pathway. Frizzled
receptors possess seven transmembrane domains and their signaling depends on
trimeric G proteins in various organisms. However, Frizzleds constitute a
distinct group within the G... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2765/version/1 |
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| Susana A. Miyahira; Joao L. M. C. Azevedo; José E. Araujo Filho. |
| Background: A fuzzy obesity index (MAFOI) for use as an alternative to bariatric surgery indication (BSI) is presented. The search for a more accurate method to evaluate obesity and to indicate a better treatment is important in the world health context. BMI (body mass index) is considered the main criteria for obesity treatment and BSI. Nevertheless, the fat excess related to the percentage of Body Fat (%BF) is actually the principal harmful factor in obesity disease that is usually neglected. This paper presents a new fuzzy mechanism for evaluating obesity by associating BMI with %BF that yields a fuzzy obesity index for obesity evaluation and treatment and allows building up a Fuzzy Decision Support System (FDSS) for BSI. Methods: Seventy-two patients... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5516/version/2 |
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| Ji-Sun Kim; Ji-Hui Seo; Hyung-Soon Yim; Sa-Ouk Kang. |
| Homeobox genes encode proteins with a highly conserved DNA-binding motif and provoke morphological diversification of body segments by differentially controlling the expression of downstream targets. Here, we have identified _hbx4_, one of many homeobox genes in _Dictyostelium discoideum_ and investigated its role during growth and development. In suspension, Hbx4-overexpressing cells, Hbx4^OE^, showed defects in cytokinesis and growth rate. During development, Hbx4^OE^ and _hbx4_-disrupting cells, _hbx4¯_ made differences in shape of mound and slug, cell-type proportioning from wild type KAx3 cells. These phenotypes were similar to those of mutant defective in _cadA_ encoding Ca^2+^-dependent cell adhesion molecule so that we investigated the... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Molecular Cell Biology. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4194/version/1 |
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| John R. Skoyles. |
| 1.	After weaning, human hunter-gatherer juveniles receive substantial (≈3.5-7 MJ day^-1^), extended (≈15 years) and reliable (kin and nonkin food pooling) energy provision.
2.	The childhood (pediatric) and the adult human brain takes a very high share of both basal metabolic rate (BMR) (child: 50-70%; adult: ≈20%) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (child: 30-50%; adult: ≈10%).
3.	The pediatric brain for an extended period (≈4-9 years-of-age) consumes roughly 50% more energy than the adult one, and after this, continues during adolescence, at a high but declining rate. Within the brain, childhood cerebral gray matter has an even higher 1.9 to... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1856/version/2 |
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| John R. Skoyles. |
| 1.	After weaning, human hunter-gatherer juveniles receive substantial (≈3.5-7 MJ day^-1^), extended (≈15 years) and reliable (kin and nonkin food pooling) energy provision.
2.	The childhood (pediatric) and the adult human brain takes a very high share of both basal metabolic rate (BMR) (child: 50-70%; adult: ≈20%) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (child: 30-50%; adult: ≈10%).
3.	The pediatric brain for an extended period (≈4-9 years-of-age) consumes roughly 50% more energy than the adult one, and after this, continues during adolescence, at a high but declining rate. Within the brain, childhood cerebral gray matter has an even higher 1.9 to... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1856/version/1 |
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| John Skoyles. |
| Human childhood and adolescence is the period in which adult cognitive competences (including those that create the unique cooperativeness of humans) are acquired. It is also a period when neural development puts a juvenile’s survival at risk due to the high vulnerability of their brain to energy shortage. The brain of a 4 year-old human uses ≈50% of its total energy expenditure (TEE) (cf. adult ≈12%). This brain expensiveness is due to (1) the brain making up ≈6% of a 4 year-old body compared to 2% in an adult, and (2) increased energy metabolism that is ≈100% greater in the gray matter of a child than in an adult (a result of the extra costs of synaptic neuromaturation). The high absolute number of... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7096/version/1 |
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| Michael E. Baker. |
| In the last decade, there has been important progress in understanding the origins and evolution of receptors for adrenal steroids (aldosterone, cortisol) and sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) due to the sequencing of genomes from animals that are at key sites in vertebrate evolution. Although the estrogen receptor [ER] appears to be the ancestral vertebrate steroid receptor and estradiol [E2] is the physiological ligand for vertebrate ERs, the identity of the ancestral ligand(s) for the ER remains unknown. Here, using an analysis of crystal structures of human ER[alpha] with E2 and other chemicals and 3D models of human ER[alpha] with 27-hydroxycholesterol and 5-androsten-3[beta],17[beta]-diol, we propose that one or more [DELTA]5... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics & Genomics; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Earth & Environment; Evolutionary Biology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5777/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 193 | |
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